热线:021-66110819,13564362870
Email:info@vizai.cn
热线:021-66110819,13564362870
Email:info@vizai.cn
结论
本研究中的 N2O 通量表明,潮间带沉积物表现出显着的 N2O 吸收,以响应养分可用性的潮汐脉冲变化。低潮使沉积物暴露在大气中时营养物质耗尽。N 转化细菌和古细菌必须与底栖微藻竞争这些有限的资源。在阳光充足的条件下,反硝化剂可能会被微藻竞争硝酸盐,但也可能使用 N2O 作为终端电子受体(Miller 等人,1986 年),从而驱动低潮时 N2O 吸收的信号。采取的措施来自营养富集核心的 N2Ofluxes 对 DIN 和 DINþDIP 添加最敏感,并且这些沉积物中通过反硝化作用吸收的 N2O 受到 P 限制。 N2O。总的来说,我们观察到这个潮滩生态系统在夏季是一个 N2O 汇,与相邻的盐沼处于同一数量级。 从大气中去除这种强效温室气体是发生在通常被认为是大气中 N2O 来源的生态系统中的一项关键生态系统服务。
致谢
我们非常感谢美国国家科学基金会,它通过资助 S.Fagherazzi、RWFulweiler 和 D.Fitzgerald(NSF OCE 0924287)以及 L.Deegan(NSF OCE 0923689)在生物地球化学的新兴主题中为该项目提供资金.我们还要感谢波士顿大学,它通过 Mary Erskine Type II 赠款为 RWFulweiler 提供了额外的资金。另外感谢 NSF 对梅岛河口长期生态研究 (LTER) 站点 (NSF OCE 0423565) 的支持,其中这项工作发生了,非常感谢使用 Plum Island LTER 站点的设施,这使这项工作成为可能。此外,我们感谢 Sarabeth Buckley、Taylor O'Leary、Katie Pritchard 和 Sarah Donovan forfield 和实验室协助。我们感谢Pam Templar 和 Sergio Fagherazzi 对早期版本手稿的有益评论。我们非常感谢 Unisense,DK 的 Anne Bolvig Sørensen 和 Lars Hauer Larsen 的帮助,他们提供微传感器支持和 Peter Ber g 用于 PROFILE 模型支持。
LITERATURE CITED
Adams,C.A.,J.E.Andrews,and T.Jickells.2012.Nitrous oxide and methanefluxes vs.carbon,nitrogen and phospho-rous burial in new intertidal and saltmarsh sediments.Science of the Total Environment 434:240–251.
An,S.M.,and W.S.Gardner.2002.Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)as a nitrogen link,versus denitrification as a sink in a shallow estuary(Laguna Madre/Baffin Bay,Texas).Marine Ecology Progress Series 237:41–50.
Andersen,K.,T.Kjaer,and N.P.Revsbech.2001.An oxygen insensitive microsensor for nitrous oxide.Sensors and Actuators:B Chemical 81:42–48.
Bange,H.W.,S.Rapsomanikis,and M.O.Andreae.1996.Nitrous oxide in coastal waters.Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10:197–207.
Beman,J.M.,and C.A.Francis.2006.Diversity of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and bacteria in the sediments of a hypernutrified subtropical estuary:Bahia del Tobari,Mexico.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72:7767–7777.
Benitez-Nelson,C.R.2000.The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in marine systems.Earth Science Reviews 51:109–135.
Berg,P.,N.Risgaard-Petersen,and S.Rysgaard.1998.Interpretation of measured concentration profiles in sediment pore water.Limnology and Oceanography 43:1500–1510.
Betlach,M.R.,and J.M.Tiedje.1981.Kinetic explanation for accumulation of nitrite,nitric oxide,and nitrous oxide during bacterial denitrification.Applied and Environmental Micro-biology 42:1074–1084.
Binnerup,S.J.,K.Jensen,N.P.Revsbech,M.H.Jensen,and J.Sorensen.1992.Denitrification,dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium,and nitrification in a bioturbated estuarine sediment as measured with 15N and microsensor techniques.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58:303–313.
Bowden,W.B.,W.H.McDowell,C.E.Asbury,and A.M.Finley.1992.Riparian nitrogen dynamics in two geomor-phologically distinct tropical rain-forest watersheds:Nitrous oxidefluxes.Biogeochemistry 18:77–99.
Brunet,R.C.,and L.J.Garcia-Gil.1996.Sulfide-induced dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia in anaerobic freshwater sediments.FEMS Microbiology Ecology 21:131–138.
Burgin,A.J.,and S.K.Hamilton.2007.Have we overempha-sized the role of denitrification in aquatic ecosystems?A review of nitrate removal pathways.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5:89–96.
Butterbach-Bahl,K.,M.Kock,G.Willibald,B.Hewett,S.Buhagiar,H.Papen,and R.Kiese.2004.Temporal variations offluxes of NO,NO2,N2O,CO2,and CH4 in a tropical rain forest ecosystem.Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18:GB3012.Carpenter,E.J.,and K.Romans.1991.Major role of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium in nutrient cycling in the
North Atlantic Ocean.Science 254:1356–1358.
Chapuis-Lardy,L.,N.Wrage,A.Metay,J.-L.Chotte,and M.Benoux.2007.Soils,a sink for N2O?A review.Global Change Biology 13:1–17.
Cotner,J.B.,J.W.Ammerman,E.R.Peele,and E.Bentzen.1997.Phosphorus-limited bacterioplankton growth in the Sargasso Sea.Aquatic Microbial Ecology 13:141–149.
Culbertson,C.W.,A.J.B.Zehnder,and R.S.Oremland.1981.Anearobic oxidation of acetylene by estuarine sediments and enrichment cultures.Applied and Environmental Microbiol-ogy 41:396–403.
Dalsgaard,T.,et al.2000.Protocol handbook for NICE:nitrogen cycling in estuaries:a project under the EU research programme:marine science and technology(MAST III).National Environ-mental Research Institute,Silkeborg,Denmark.
Davidson,E.A.,W.T.Swank,and T.O.Perry.1986.Distinguishing between nitrification and denitrification as sources of gaseous nitrogen-production in soil.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 52:1280–1286.
Davis,S.E.,J.E.Cable,D.L.Childers,C.Coronado-Molina,
J.W.Day,C.D.Hittle,C.J.Madden,E.Reyes,D.Rudnick,and F.Sklar.2004.Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida gulf coast estuary.Journal of Coastal Research 20:1198–1208.
de Wilde,H.P.J.,and M.J.M.de Bie.2000.Nitrous oxide in the Schelde estuary:production by nitrification and emission to the atmosphere.Marine Chemistry 69:203–216.
Dong,L.F.,D.B.Nedwell,G.J.C.Underwood,D.C.O.Thornton,and I.Rusmana.2002.Nitrous oxide formation in the Colne estuary,England:The central role of nitrite.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68:1240–1249.
Fanning,K.A.1989.Influence of atmospheric pollution on nutrient limitation in the ocean.Nature 339:460–463.
Ford,H.,A.Garbutt,L.Jones,and D.L.Jones.2012.Methane,carbon dioxide and nitrous oxidefluxes from a temperate salt marsh:Grazing management does not alter Global Warming Potential.Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 113:182–191.
Fourqurean,J.W.,J.C.Zieman,and G.V.N.Powell.1992.Phosphorus limitation of primary production in Florida Bay:Evidence from C-N-P ratios of the dominant seagrass Thalassia testudinum.Limnology and Oceanography 37:162–171.
Frame,C.H.,and K.L.Casciotti.2010.Biogeochemical controls and isotopic signatures of nitrous oxide production by a marine ammonia-oxidizing bacterium.Biogeosciences 7:2695–2709.
Harper,C.W.,J.M.Blair,P.A.Fay,A.K.Knapp,and J.D.Carlisle.2005.Increased rainfall variability and reduced rainfall amount decreases soil CO2flux in a grassland ecosystem.Global Change Biology 11:322–334.
Hensel,P.F.,J.W.Day,and D.Pont.1999.Wetland vertical accretion and soil elevation change in the Rhone River delta,France:The importance of riverineflooding.Journal of Coastal Research 15:668–681.
Huxman,T.E.,J.M.Cable,D.D.Ignace,J.A.Eilts,N.B.English,J.Weltzin,and D.G.Williams.2004.Response of net ecosystem gas exchange to a simulated precipitation pulse in a semi-arid grassland:the role of native versus non-native grasses and soil texture.Oecologia 141:295–305.
IPCC[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change].2007:The physical science basis.Cambridge University Press,Cam-bridge,UK.
Jorgensen,K.S.1989.Annual pattern of denitrification and nitrate ammonification in estuarine sediment.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55:1841–1847.
Jorgensen,K.S.,H.B.Jensen,and J.Sorensen.1984.Nitrous oxide production from nitrification and denitrification in marine sediment at low oxygen concentrations.Canadian Journal of Microbiology 30:1073–1078.
Junk,W.J.,P.B.Bayley,and R.E.Sparks.1989.Theflood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems.Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 106:110–127.
Karl,D.,R.Letelier,L.Tupas,J.Dore,J.Christian,and D.Hebel.1997.The role of nitrogenfixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean.Nature 388:533–538.
Karl,D.M.2002.Nutrient dynamics in the deep blue sea.Trends in Microbiology 10:410–418.
Karl,D.M.,and K.Yanagi.1997.Partial characterization of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean.Limnology and Oceanography 42:1398–1405.
Kessavalou,A.,J.W.Doran,A.R.Mosier,and R.A.Drijber.1998.Greenhouse gasfluxes following tillage and wetting in a wheat-fallow cropping system.Journal of Environmental Quality 27:1105–1116.
Kieskamp,W.M.,L.Lohse,E.Epping,and W.Helder.1991.Seasonal variation in denitrification rates and nitrous oxidefluxes in intertidal sediments of the Western Wadden Sea.Marine Ecology Progress Series 72:145–151.
Kim,D.-G.,S.Mu,S.Kang,and D.Lee.2010.Factors controlling soil CO2 effluxes and the effects of rewetting on effluxes in adjacent deciduous,coniferous,and mixed forests in Korea.Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42:576–585.
Kim,D.G.,R.Vargas,B.Bond-Lamberty,and M.R.Turetsky.2012.Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gasfluxes:a review of current literature and suggestions for future research.Biogeosciences 9:2459–2483.
King,D.,and D.B.Nedwell.1987.The adaptation of nitrate-reducing bacterial communities in estuarine sediments in response to overlying nitrate load.FEMS Microbiology Ecology 45:15–20.
Kroeze,C.,E.Dumont,and S.P.Seitzinger.2005.New estimates of global emissions of N2O from rivers and estuaries.Environmental Sciences 2:159–165.
LaMontagne,M.G.,R.Duran,and I.Valiela.2003.Nitrous oxide sources and sinks in coastal aquifers and coupled estuarine receiving waters.Science of the Total Environment 309:139–149.
Leininger,S.,T.Urich,M.Schloter,L.Schwark,J.Qi,G.W.Nicol,J.I.Prosser,S.C.Schuster,and C.Schleper.2006.Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokary-otes in soils.Nature 442:806–809.
Lindau,C.W.,and R.D.DeLaune.1991.Dinitrogen and nitrous oxide emission and entrapment in Spartina alterniflora saltmarsh soils following addition of N-15 labelled ammonium and nitrate.Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 32:161–172.
MacRae,M.J.D.,W.Glover,J.W.Ammerman,and R.H.Sada-Ruvalacaba.1994.Seasonal phosphorus deficiency in the Mississippi River plume:unusual large areal extent during the recordflood of 1993.EOS,Transactions American Geophysical Union 75:30.
Martens-Habbena,W.,P.M.Berube,H.Urakawa,J.R.de la Torre,and D.A.Stahl.2009.Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea and bacteria.Nature 461:976–981.
Martin,R.E.,G.P.Asner,R.J.Ansley,and A.R.Mosier.2003.Effects of woody vegetation encroachment on soil nitrogen oxide emissions in a temperate savanna.Ecological Applications 13:897–910.
Middelburg,J.J.,G.Klaver,J.Nieuwenhuize,R.M.Markusse,T.Vlug,and F.Vandernat.1995.Nitrous oxide emissions from estuarine intertidal sediments.Hydrobiologia 311:43–55.
Miller,L.G.,R.S.Oremland,and S.Paulsen.1986.Measurement of nitrous oxide reductase activity in aquatic sediments.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51:18–24.
Moore,C.M.,et al.2013.Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation.Nature Geoscience 6:701–710.
Morley,N.,and E.M.Baggs.2010.Carbon and oxygen controls on N2O and N2 production during nitrate reduction.Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry 42:1864–1871.
Moseman-Valtierra,S.,R.Gonzalez,K.D.Kroeger,J.Tang,
W.C.Chao,J.Crusius,J.Bratton,A.Green,and J.Shelton.2011.Short-term nitrogen additions can shift a coastal wetland from a sink to a source of N2O.Atmospheric Environment 45:4390–4397.
Nevison,C.D.,T.J.Lueker,and R.F.Weiss.2004.Quantifying the nitrous oxide source from coastal upwelling.Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18:1018.
Nixon,S.W.1993.Nutrients and coastal waters:Too much of a good thing.Oceanus 36:38–47.
Nixon,S.W.,S.L.Granger,and B.L.Nowicki.1995.An assessment of the annual mass balance of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in Narragansett Bay.Biogeochemistry 31:15–61.
Nobre,A.D.,M.Keller,P.M.Crill,and R.C.Harriss.2001.Short-term nitrous oxide profile dynamics and emissions response to water,nitrogen and carbon additions in two tropical soils.Biology and Fertility of Soils 34:363–373.
Nowlin,W.H.,M.J.Vanni,and L.H.Yang.2008.Comparing resource pulses in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.Ecology 89:647–659.
Odum,W.E.,E.P.Odum,and H.T.Odum.1995.Nature's pulsing paradigm.Estuaries 18:547–555.
Pascal,P.-Y.,J.W.Fleeger,H.T.S.Boschker,H.M.Mitwally,and D.S.Johnson.2013.Response of the benthic food web to short-and long-term nutrient enrichment in saltmarsh mudflats.Marine Ecology Progress Series 474:27–41.
Revsbech,N.P.1989.An oxygen microsensor with a guard cathode.Limnology and Oceanography 34:474–478.
Robinson,A.D.,D.B.Nedwell,R.M.Harrison,and B.G.Oglivie.1998.Hypernutrified estuaries as sources of N2O emission to the atmosphere:the estuary of the River Colne,Essex,UK.Marine Ecology Progress Series 164:59–71.
Santoro,A.E.,C.Buchwald,M.R.McIlvin,and K.L.Casciotti.2011.Isotopic signature of N2O produced by marine ammonia-oxidizing Archaea.Science 333:1282–1285.SAS Institute.2007.JMP.Version Pro 10.SAS Institute,Cary,
North Carolina,USA.
Scholes,M.C.,R.Martin,R.J.Scholes,D.Parsons,and E.Winstead.1997.NO and N2O emissions from savanna soils following thefirst simulated rains of the season.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 48:115–122.
Seitzinger,S.P.,C.Kroeze,and R.V.Styles.2000.Global distribution of N2O emissions from aquatic systems:natural emissions and anthropogenic effects.Chemosphere Global Change Science 2:267–279.
Seitzinger,S.P.,and S.W.Nixon.1985.Eutrophication and the rate of denitrification and N2O production in coastal marine sediments.Limnology and Oceanography 30:1332–1339.
Silver,W.L.,A.E.Lugo,and M.Keller.1999.Soil oxygen availability and biogeochemistry along rainfall and topo-graphic gradients in upland wet tropical forest soils.Biogeochemistry 44:301–328.
Sorensen,J.,J.M.Tiedje,and R.B.Firestone.1980.Inhibition by sulfide of nitric and nitrous oxide reduction by denitrifying Pseudomonasfluorescens.Applied and Environmental Mi-crobiology 39:105–108.
Stevens,R.J.,R.J.Laughlin,and J.P.Malone.1998.Soil pH affects the processes reducing nitrate to nitrous oxide and di-nitrogen.Science 30:1119–1126.
Sundareshwar,P.V.,J.T.Morris,E.K.Koepfler,and B.Fornwalt.2003.Phosphorus limitation of coastal ecosystem processes.Science 299:563–565.
Sundback,K.,A.Miles,and E.Goransson.2000.Nitrogenfluxes,denitrification and the role of microphytobenthos in microtidal shallow-water sediments:an annual study.Marine Ecology Progress Series 200:59–76.
Tobias,C.R.,M.Cieri,B.J.Peterson,L.A.Deegan,J.Vallino,and J.Hughes.2003.Processing watershed-derived nitrogen in a well-flushed New England estuary.Limnology and Oceanography 48:1766–1778.
Vieillard,A.M.,and R.W.Fulweiler.2012.Impacts of long-term fertilization on salt marsh tidal creek benthic nutrient and N2 gasfluxes.Marine Ecology Progress Series 471:11–22.Viggato,T.2013.The effect of evaporation and nutrient enrichment on the erodability of mudflats in a mesotidal estuary.Thesis.Boston University,Boston,Massachusetts,USA.
Wang,D.Q.,Z.L.Chen,J.Wang,S.Y.Xu,H.X.Yang,H.
Chen,L.Y.Yang,and L.Z.Hu.2007.Summer-time denitrification and nitrous oxide exchange in the intertidal zone of the Yangtze Estuary.Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:43–53.
Ward,B.B.,R.J.Olson,and M.J.Perry.1982.Microbial nitrification rates in the primary nitrite maximum off southern-California.Deep-Sea Research 29:247–255.
Wrage,N.,G.L.Velthof,M.L.van Beusichem,and O.Oenema.2001.Role of nitrifier denitrification in the production of nitrous oxide.Soil Biology and Biogeochem-istry 33:1723–1732.
潮汐脉冲对于温和潮间带泥滩中一氧化二氮通量改变的研究——摘要、介绍
潮汐脉冲对于温和潮间带泥滩中一氧化二氮通量改变的研究——方法、数据分析
潮汐脉冲对于温和潮间带泥滩中一氧化二氮通量改变的研究——结果